Man Boobs (Gynecomastia) Explained: Causes, Treatments & Prevention

Man Boobs (Gynecomastia) Explained: Causes, Treatments & Prevention

If you’re dealing with enlarged man boobs (Gynecomastia), you’re part of a surprisingly large group—approximately 35% of men experience some degree of breast enlargement during their lifetime. Male breast enlargement can result from both medical and lifestyle factors. These include hormonal imbalances, certain medications, and excess body fat. This condition affects millions of men worldwide. Yet male breast enlargement often remains shrouded in embarrassment and confusion.

The medical community recognizes two types of male breast enlargement. Gynecomastia involves actual glandular breast tissue growth. Pseudogynecomastia is caused primarily by excess fat accumulation. The Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics is widely referenced as an authoritative source for these definitions and the clinical understanding of gynecomastia.

Understanding the difference between these conditions is crucial for determining the most effective treatment approach.

This guide explains what causes enlarged breasts in men, who’s most affected, and the treatment options available. These range from lifestyle modifications to advanced surgical interventions.

Introduction to Gynecomastia

A sign prominently displays the word "manboobs," referring to the condition known as gynecomastia.

Gynecomastia is a medical condition that results in the enlargement of one or both breasts in men. It’s often due to an imbalance between the hormones estrogen and testosterone. When estrogen levels increase or testosterone levels decrease, the body can respond with noticeable breast tissue growth. This condition can affect males at any life stage. Newborns may experience temporary breast enlargement due to maternal hormones. In older men, age-related hormonal changes are common culprits. Gynecomastia can also be triggered by certain medications or underlying medical conditions that affect hormone levels. Symptoms often include breast tenderness, physical discomfort, and changes in chest appearance. These can impact self-esteem and body image. Understanding the causes and symptoms of gynecomastia is the first step toward effective treatment and support for individuals affected by this condition.

Key Takeaways

  • Enlarged male breasts affect 35% of men, with 70% of adolescent boys experiencing this condition during puberty.
  • Two leading causes exist: gynecomastia (hormonal breast tissue growth) and pseudogynecomastia (excess fat accumulation)
  • Hormone imbalances between testosterone and estrogen are the primary trigger for true gynecomastia.
  • Most cases in teenagers resolve naturally within 2 years without medical treatment.
  • Treatment options include lifestyle changes, addressing health conditions, medications, and surgery in severe cases.
  • Cardiovascular exercise and chest-targeted workouts help reduce fat, but they cannot specifically target the breast area.

Understanding Male Breast Enlargement

A male is standing with his bare chest exposed, displaying a look of disgust on his face, possibly reflecting his discomfort with breast enlargement or gynecomastia. This image highlights the emotional and physical challenges associated with conditions that cause swollen breast tissue in men.

Gynecomastia refers to enlarged glandular breast tissue in males. It often presents as a symmetrical, rubbery, and sometimes tender mass beneath the nipple. This condition can affect one or both breasts. Asymmetric breast enlargement requires immediate evaluation to rule out serious health conditions.

Pseudogynecomastia refers to breast enlargement caused by excess fat rather than glandular tissue. This condition is closely linked to obesity. It often improves with weight loss and lifestyle changes.

Distinguishing between these types is crucial because treatment approaches differ significantly. Pseudogynecomastia may respond to diet and exercise. True gynecomastia usually requires medical intervention or surgery for permanent resolution.

Many men with prominent chest development have a mix of glandular tissue and fat. Some also have excess skin. A physical exam and occasional imaging help determine the exact composition of the breast enlargement.

Male breast cancer is rare. However, it poses a slightly increased risk for men with long-standing unilateral or asymmetric glandular tissue. This is especially true for older men or those with genetic risk factors.

Diagnosis and Symptoms

Diagnosing gynecomastia begins with a thorough physical examination and a detailed medical history to identify the underlying cause of breast enlargement. Standard clinical features include swollen breast tissue, breast tenderness, palpable mass, and, in some cases, nipple discharge. The enlargement may affect one or both breasts and can vary in severity. Healthcare professionals need to distinguish gynecomastia from other causes of breast enlargement, such as excess fat or more serious conditions like breast cancer. Additional evaluation may be necessary to rule out underlying medical conditions, including liver disease, testicular tumors, or an enlarged prostate, which can all contribute to abnormal breast tissue growth. If you notice persistent symptoms such as pain, nipple changes, or rapid breast enlargement, seeking prompt medical attention is crucial. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment can help address symptoms and improve outcomes.

What Causes Man boobs

The primary mechanism behind gynecomastia involves a hormonal imbalance where estrogen effects outweigh testosterone production or action. Since estrogen promotes breast development while androgens inhibit it, any condition that shifts this delicate balance toward estrogen dominance can cause gynecomastia.

Hormonal Changes Throughout Life

Natural hormone changes represent the most common cause of male breast enlargement across different life stages:

Newborn Period: More than half of male babies develop temporary breast enlargement due to maternal estrogens crossing the placenta. Some infants may even produce nipple discharge, colloquially called “witch’s milk.” This condition typically resolves within several weeks as maternal hormones clear from the infant’s system.

Puberty: During adolescence, up to 70% of boys develop some degree of gynecomastia as hormone levels fluctuate during sexual maturation. Pubertal gynecomastia usually presents as breast buds or swollen breast tissue beneath one or both nipples, often accompanied by breast tenderness.

Aging: In older men, particularly those aged 50-80, declining testosterone levels combined with relatively stable estrogen production create conditions that cause gynecomastia. This age-related hormonal imbalance affects 24% to 65% of men in this demographic.

Medical Conditions That Cause Gynecomastia

Several health conditions can disrupt normal hormone balance and lead to enlarged breasts:

Liver Disease: Chronic liver disease and liver failure impair the body’s ability to metabolize hormones properly, leading to elevated estrogen levels. The liver typically processes and eliminates excess estrogens, so liver dysfunction allows these hormones to accumulate.

Kidney Problems: Chronic kidney disease can impact hormone metabolism, potentially leading to lower testosterone levels and increased estrogen accumulation.

Endocrine Disorders: Conditions affecting hormone-producing glands can significantly impact the testosterone-estrogen balance:

  • Hyperthyroidism increases sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), affecting hormone availability
  • Testicular tumors may produce estrogens or disrupt normal testosterone production
  • Tumors of the adrenal glands or the pituitary gland can secrete hormones that cause gynecomastia
  • Klinefelter syndrome, a genetic condition causing congenital hypogonadism, frequently results in breast development

Prostate Cancer Treatment: Men undergoing treatment for prostate cancer often receive medications that lower testosterone or block its action, frequently resulting in breast enlargement as a side effect.

Medications and Substance Use

Certain medications and recreational substances can trigger gynecomastia by interfering with normal hormone production or action:

Prescription Medications:

  • Anti-androgens used for enlarged prostate (finasteride, dutasteride)
  • Spironolactone and other heart medicines
  • Tricyclic antidepressants and some psychiatric medications
  • Ulcer medicines like cimetidine
  • Some antibiotics and chemotherapy agents

Anabolic Steroids: Paradoxically, anabolic steroids can cause gynecomastia through a process called aromatization, where excess testosterone converts to estrogen.

Recreational Drug Use: Alcohol increases estrogen production and can cause liver damage that impairs hormone metabolism. Marijuana, heroin, and other illegal substances have also been linked to breast enlargement in men.

Obesity and Metabolic Factors

A over-weight male with gynecomastia

Excess fat tissue, particularly around the midsection, contains the enzyme aromatase, which converts testosterone into estrogens. This mechanism explains why obesity not only contributes to pseudogynecomastia through fat accumulation but can also worsen true gynecomastia by increasing estrogen levels throughout the body.

The Impact of Enlarged Breasts

A patient of Dr. Delgado who is 14 yrs old with adolescent gynecomastia.Same patient after 1 stage breast gland exciscion with liposuction. Note the significant skin contraction.

The effects of gynecomastia extend beyond physical symptoms, often impacting mental health and self-esteem. Men with enlarged breasts may experience emotional distress, social anxiety, and a decrease in confidence, especially when it comes to body image. Physical discomfort, such as breast pain and tenderness, can interfere with daily activities and make confident clothing choices uncomfortable. In rare cases, gynecomastia may signal a more serious health issue, such as a hormonal imbalance or a reaction to certain medications, which requires medical evaluation. Addressing both the physical and psychological aspects of gynecomastia is essential for comprehensive care, helping individuals manage symptoms, reduce pain, and restore self-esteem.

Who Is Most Affected

Male breast enlargement follows distinct patterns across different age groups and populations:

Age-Related Prevalence

Adolescents: Pubertal gynecomastia affects up to 70% of teenage boys, typically appearing between the ages of 13 and 17. Most cases involve bilateral breast development, though unilateral presentation is not uncommon. The condition usually resolves spontaneously within 6 months to 2 years as hormone levels stabilize.

Young Adults: The prevalence of gynecomastia drops significantly in men aged 20-40, affecting only about 10% of this demographic. Cases in this age group more commonly result from medication use, substance abuse, or underlying medical conditions.

Older men, aged 50-69, represent the most affected group, with a prevalence of 35%. This increase reflects age-related testosterone decline, increased medication use, and higher rates of medical conditions that can cause gynecomastia.

Risk Factor Groups

Obese Men: Excess body weight creates multiple pathways for breast enlargement, including direct fat accumulation in the chest area and increased aromatase activity that converts testosterone to estrogens.

Men with Chronic Health Problems: Those with liver disease, kidney failure, or endocrine disorders face significantly elevated risks for developing gynecomastia.

Patients on Specific Treatments: Men receiving treatment for prostate cancer, taking certain psychiatric medications, or using recreational substances have markedly higher rates of breast enlargement.

Athletes Using Performance Enhancers: Bodybuilders and athletes using anabolic steroids often develop gynecomastia, sometimes requiring specialized treatment approaches.

Treatment Options for Man boobs

Treatment selection depends on the underlying cause, the duration of symptoms, the patient’s age, and the relative contribution of glandular tissue versus excess fat.

Observation and Natural Resolution

For adolescents with pubertal gynecomastia, watchful waiting is often the most appropriate initial approach. Most cases resolve naturally within 2 years without any medical treatment. During this period, addressing any contributing factors, such as obesity, can be beneficial.

Addressing Underlying Causes

The first step in treating adult gynecomastia involves identifying and correcting reversible causes:

  • Medication Review: Working with healthcare providers to adjust or substitute medications that may cause gynecomastia
  • Medical Treatment: Treating underlying health conditions like hyperthyroidism, liver disease, or testicular disorders
  • Substance Cessation: Discontinuing alcohol, marijuana, or anabolic steroid use

Medical Treatment

For appropriate candidates with recent-onset gynecomastia, medical therapy may provide benefits:

Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs): Medications like tamoxifen can block the effects of estrogen on breast tissue. These treatments are most effective when initiated within 6 months of symptom onset.

Aromatase Inhibitors: Drugs like anastrozole reduce estrogen production by blocking the conversion of testosterone to estrogen. These medications may be beneficial in men with elevated estrogen levels.

Medical treatment becomes significantly less effective after 2 years, as fibrous tissue gradually replaces the initial glandular proliferation, making surgical intervention the primary option for long-standing cases.

Lifestyle Modifications

Exercise Approaches

While exercise cannot directly treat gynecomastia caused by glandular tissue, it provides essential benefits for overall chest appearance and pseudogynecomastia:

Cardiovascular Exercise: Regular aerobic activity promotes overall body fat reduction, which can decrease chest fat accumulation. Activities like running, cycling, and swimming help create the caloric deficit necessary for weight loss.

Targeted Chest Exercises:

  • Barbell Bench Press: Using a medium grip with controlled movements helps build pectoral muscle mass
  • Pec Deck Machine: Provides isolated chest muscle strengthening with proper form
  • Bent-Forward Cable Crossovers: Targets different angles of the chest muscles for comprehensive development

Building underlying pectoral muscle can improve chest contour and may help minimize the appearance of overlying breast tissue, though it cannot eliminate true gynecomastia.

Dietary Modifications

For men with pseudogynecomastia or obesity-related breast enlargement, sustainable weight loss represents a crucial intervention:

Caloric Management: Creating a moderate caloric deficit of 500-750 calories per day typically produces weight loss of 1-2 pounds per week.

Food Quality Improvements:

  • Replacing processed foods with whole grains, lean proteins, and vegetables
  • Eliminating sugary drinks and reducing refined sugar intake
  • Keeping a food diary to identify high-calorie, low-nutrient foods
  • Increasing fiber intake to promote satiety and metabolic health

Avoiding Rapid Weight Loss: Crash diets and unregulated weight loss supplements should be avoided, as rapid weight changes can disrupt hormone balance and may worsen gynecomastia.

Lifestyle Changes to Reduce Man boobs

Making lifestyle changes is a powerful way to address the appearance of man boobs, especially when breast enlargement is related to excess fat or mild glandular breast tissue growth. Since gynecomastia often results from a hormonal imbalance—where estrogen levels rise or testosterone levels fall—targeting the factors that influence these hormones can help reduce symptoms and improve overall health.

Focus on Weight Loss and Exercise: Excess chest fat contributes to pseudogynecomastia and gynecomastia. It increases how much testosterone converts to estrogen. Cardiovascular exercises like walking, jogging, or cycling help burn calories and support healthy weight loss. Chest-focused strength training builds muscle and improves contour. Exercises like push-ups and bench presses make breasts appear firmer and less prominent.

Adopt a Nutritious Diet: A balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins supports healthy weight loss and hormone balance. Reducing intake of processed foods, sugary snacks, and unhealthy fats can help decrease inflammation and lower the risk of developing excess breast tissue. Staying hydrated and limiting alcohol consumption are also important, as alcohol can disrupt hormone metabolism and contribute to liver disease, a known risk factor for gynecomastia.

Review Medications and Health Conditions: Certain medications, including ulcer medicines, tricyclic antidepressants, and some treatments for enlarged prostate or prostate cancer, can cause gynecomastia as a side effect. If you notice symptoms like swollen breast tissue, breast tenderness, or nipple discharge after starting a new medication, consult your healthcare provider. Never stop or change your prescribed medicines without consulting a doctor. Additionally, underlying health conditions such as chronic liver disease, testicular tumors, or disorders of the pituitary gland or adrenal glands can cause hormone changes that lead to breast enlargement. Addressing these medical conditions with appropriate treatment is essential.

Avoid Anabolic Steroids and Recreational Drugs: The use of anabolic steroids and certain recreational drugs can disrupt hormone levels and directly cause gynecomastia. Avoiding these substances is a crucial step in preventing further breast tissue growth and promoting overall hormonal health.

Monitor for Clinical Features and Seek Medical Advice: Be aware of the clinical features of gynecomastia, including enlargement of one or both breasts, breast tenderness, and, in rare cases, nipple discharge. If you experience persistent symptoms, rapid changes, or additional health issues, it’s essential to seek a medical evaluation. The Mayo Clinic staff and other medical experts emphasize that gynecomastia can sometimes signal underlying health problems, including breast cancer or chronic liver disease, which require prompt attention.

Consider Medical and Surgical Options When Needed: While lifestyle changes can significantly improve mild cases and help prevent further breast tissue growth, some men may require medical treatment or gynecomastia surgery—also known as male breast reduction—especially if symptoms are severe or persistent. Plastic surgeons can assess whether surgery is appropriate, particularly when glandular breast tissue is the primary cause of enlargement.

Support Self-Esteem and Mental Health: Dealing with man boobs can affect self-esteem and mental health. Remember that you are not alone, and effective treatments are available to help you. Combining healthy lifestyle habits with medical support can help you regain confidence and improve your quality of life.

In summary, making targeted lifestyle changes—such as losing excess fat, eating a balanced diet, reviewing medications, and avoiding substances that disrupt hormones—can help reduce the appearance of man boobs and support overall health. Always consult a healthcare provider to identify the underlying cause of breast enlargement and develop a personalized treatment plan that addresses both physical and emotional well-being.

Dr. Delgado: Leading Man Boob (Gynecomastia) Specialist

Dr. Delgado sitting in San Francisco with the backdrop of the Trans America building.

Dr. Delgado has established himself as an internationally recognized authority on gynecomastia surgery and the comprehensive management of male breast enlargement. His specialization encompasses not only advanced surgical techniques but also the critical evaluation and selection of appropriate surgical candidates.

His expertise in gynecomastia surgery draws referrals from across the country and internationally, particularly for complex cases and revision surgeries where previous treatments, elsewhere, have been unsuccessful. Dr. Delgado’s approach combines technical precision with an understanding of the psychological impact that enlarged breasts can have on men’s self-esteem and mental health.

The clinic’s comprehensive approach includes a detailed preoperative assessment to distinguish between glandular tissue and excess fat, ensuring that each patient receives the most appropriate surgical technique tailored to their specific tissue composition and aesthetic goals.

Dr. Delgado’s extensive experience with thousands of gynecomastia cases has contributed to the refinement of surgical techniques that minimize scarring while maximizing natural-looking chest contours. This expertise is particularly valuable for patients with a combination of glandular and fatty tissue, who require a combined surgical approach for optimal results.

Call 415-898-4161 today to schedule your free consultation, available either in person or virtually.

Surgical Treatment of Man boobs

Gynecomastia surgery remains the gold standard for treating persistent or severe glandular breast tissue that doesn’t respond to medical treatment or lifestyle modifications. Surgery becomes the primary recommendation for cases lasting more than 2 years, when medical therapy is unlikely to be effective.

Surgical Techniques

Liposuction: For cases involving primarily excess fat (pseudogynecomastia), liposuction through small incisions can effectively remove adipose tissue. Modern techniques use small cannulas inserted through tiny incisions to minimize scarring while achieving smooth contours.

Direct Glandular Excision: True gynecomastia requires surgical removal of glandular tissue through incisions at the border of the areola. This approach allows plastic surgeons to remove firm breast tissue while preserving normal chest anatomy precisely.

Combined Approaches: Most patients benefit from combined techniques that address both glandular tissue and excess fat. This comprehensive approach ensures complete treatment of all tissue types contributing to chest enlargement.

Skin Excision: For patients with significant excess skin, particularly those who have undergone massive weight loss, additional skin removal may be necessary to achieve optimal results. These more extensive procedures can address chest ptosis (sagging) but involve longer incisions and recovery periods.

Surgical Considerations

Male breast reduction surgery is typically performed as an outpatient procedure under general anesthesia. The specific technique selection depends on:

  • Ratio of glandular tissue to excess fat
  • Degree of breast enlargement
  • Skin quality and elasticity
  • Patient’s aesthetic goals
  • Previous surgical history

Recovery involves several weeks of activity modification and the use of compression garments to optimize healing and contour development. Most patients can return to desk work within a few days, but should avoid heavy lifting and strenuous exercise for 4 to 6 weeks.

Surgical risks include bleeding, infection, contour irregularities, changes in nipple sensation, and the potential need for revision surgery. However, with experienced plastic surgeons specializing in gynecomastia, complication rates remain low, and patient satisfaction rates are high.

The procedure offers permanent results for glandular tissue removal; however, future weight gain may lead to the recurrence of fat accumulation in the chest area.

When to Seek Medical Help

Several situations warrant prompt medical evaluation for men experiencing breast enlargement:

Persistent Symptoms: Any breast enlargement lasting more than 2 years, particularly in adults, should be medically evaluated to rule out underlying health conditions and discuss treatment options.

Physical Discomfort: Significant breast tenderness, pain that interferes with daily activities, or rapid onset of symptoms requires medical assessment.

Asymmetric Development: Unilateral breast enlargement or significant asymmetry between breasts needs evaluation to exclude severe conditions, including the rare possibility of male breast cancer.

Associated Symptoms: Men should seek immediate medical attention if breast enlargement is accompanied by:

  • Hard lumps or masses within the breast tissue
  • Nipple discharge, particularly if bloody
  • Skin changes, dimpling, or nipple retraction
  • Enlarged lymph nodes in the armpit area

Psychological Impact: When breast enlargement significantly affects self-esteem, mental health, or quality of life, medical consultation can help explore treatment options and provide psychological support.

Risk Factor Presence: Men with a family history of breast cancer, genetic conditions like Klinefelter syndrome, or those taking medications known to cause gynecomastia should discuss their symptoms with healthcare providers.

Reducing the Risk of Gynecomastia

Reducing the risk of gynecomastia starts with understanding how hormone balance affects breast tissue in men. Gynecomastia occurs when there is an increase in estrogen levels or a decrease in testosterone levels, leading to the enlargement of one or both breasts. While some risk factors, such as genetics or age-related hormone changes, are beyond your control, there are several proactive steps you can take to help decrease your chances of developing this condition.

Maintaining a healthy lifestyle is one of the most effective ways to support balanced hormone levels. Regular exercise and a nutritious diet help regulate body weight, which in turn can prevent excess fat from contributing to higher estrogen production. Limiting alcohol intake and avoiding recreational drugs, such as anabolic steroids and marijuana, can also help keep estrogen and testosterone levels in check, reducing the risk of abnormal breast tissue growth.

It’s essential to be aware of the potential side effects of certain medications, especially those known to influence hormone levels. If you are prescribed medications for other health conditions, talk to your healthcare provider about any concerns regarding breast enlargement or hormonal imbalance. Regular medical check-ups can help detect early signs of gynecomastia, allowing for timely intervention.

By staying informed about the factors that influence estrogen and testosterone levels, making healthy lifestyle choices, and seeking medical advice when needed, you can take meaningful steps to decrease your risk of developing gynecomastia and maintain healthy breast tissue throughout your life.

Prevention Strategies

While not all cases of gynecomastia can be prevented, several strategies can reduce risk and minimize severity:

Lifestyle Factors

Weight Management: Maintaining a healthy body weight through balanced nutrition and regular exercise helps prevent obesity-related breast enlargement and reduces aromatase activity that converts testosterone to estrogens.

Alcohol Limitation: Reducing alcohol consumption decreases estrogen production and helps prevent liver damage that can impair hormone metabolism.

Substance Avoidance: Avoiding anabolic steroids, marijuana, and other recreational drugs eliminates essential risk factors for drug-induced gynecomastia.

Medical Management

Regular Health Monitoring: Routine check-ups enable the early detection and treatment of conditions that can contribute to gynecomastia, such as liver disease, thyroid disorders, or testicular problems.

Medication Reviews: Regular discussions with healthcare providers about prescription medications can identify drugs that may contribute to breast enlargement and explore alternative treatments when possible.

Hormone Level Assessment: For men at high risk or experiencing symptoms, periodic evaluation of testosterone and estrogen levels can help identify hormonal imbalances before they cause significant breast development.

Early Intervention

Prompt Treatment of Medical Conditions: Addressing health problems that affect hormone balance promptly can prevent the development of gynecomastia or minimize its severity.

Nutritional Support: Maintaining adequate nutrition, particularly during periods of rapid growth like puberty, supports normal hormone development.

FAQ

Will gynecomastia go away on its own? Most cases in teenagers resolve within 2 years as hormones stabilize during pubertal development. However, adult-onset gynecomastia rarely disappears without treatment, particularly when glandular tissue has been present for more than 2 years.

Can exercise alone cure man boobs? Exercise helps reduce overall body fat and can improve pseudogynecomastia caused by excess fat; however, it cannot eliminate true gynecomastia, which involves glandular tissue. Chest exercises may improve muscle definition beneath breast tissue, but don’t directly address the underlying glandular proliferation.

Is surgery the only permanent solution? For established gynecomastia that has persisted for over 2 years, surgical removal of glandular tissue typically provides the most effective and permanent treatment. Medical therapy becomes progressively less effective as fibrous tissue replaces the initial glandular growth.

Are there natural ways to reduce estrogen levels? Maintaining a healthy body weight, limiting alcohol consumption, and making certain dietary modifications may help optimize hormone balance; however, these approaches typically cannot reverse established gynecomastia. Medical consultation remains essential for addressing significant hormonal imbalances.

How can I distinguish between fat and glandular tissue? A medical examination by a healthcare provider can distinguish between pseudogynecomastia (excess fat) and true gynecomastia (glandular tissue). Physical examination techniques, along with imaging studies, help determine tissue composition and guide the selection of appropriate treatment.

Will losing weight eliminate man boobs? Weight loss can significantly improve pseudogynecomastia by reducing chest fat, but may not affect true gynecomastia caused by glandular tissue. The effectiveness of weight loss depends on the relative contribution of fat versus glandular tissue to the overall breast enlargement.

Understanding the causes behind male breast enlargement empowers men to seek appropriate treatment and regain confidence in their appearance. Whether dealing with temporary pubertal changes or persistent adult gynecomastia, practical solutions exist, ranging from lifestyle modifications to advanced surgical techniques. The key lies in accurate diagnosis, understanding the underlying cause, and working with experienced healthcare providers to develop an individualized treatment plan.

Conclusion and Next Steps

Gynecomastia is a common condition that can lead to physical discomfort, emotional distress, and social anxiety. Recognizing the symptoms and understanding the potential underlying causes are key to finding effective treatment. If you are experiencing signs of gynecomastia, such as breast enlargement or tenderness, it is essential to consult a healthcare professional. Early evaluation can help determine the underlying cause and guide you toward the most appropriate treatment options. With the proper support and medical care, it is possible to manage symptoms, address the root cause, and improve your overall quality of life. Don’t hesitate to seek help—taking action is the first step toward feeling better in your body and regaining confidence.

Call 415-898-4161 today to schedule your free consultation, available either in person or virtually.

The Key Differences Between Gynecomastia vs. Psuedogynecomastia

The Key Differences Between Gynecomastia vs. Psuedogynecomastia

Pseudogynecomastia and Gynecomastia: What’s the main difference?

 pseudogynecomastia and gynecomastia

Psuedogynecomastia and gynecomastia are separated by only a few key differences among males. In both cases, there is excess fat or swollen tissue present in the chest region, leading to the appearance of breasts. Males of any age can develop either condition, but newborns, teens, and seniors are most susceptible.

There is no difference in the appearance of breasts between patients with gynecomastia and those with pseudogynecomastia, but the type of tissue differentiates them. There is a number of potential causes of gynecomastia, which is characterized by excessive glandular and stromal tissue. In addition, pseudogynecomastia can be caused by excessive amounts of fat tissue.

There is no medical risk involved with either condition, however, many patients experience emotional distress due to gynecomastia or pseudogynecomastia, as well as issues with self-esteem and shame as a result of showing their bodies. In some cases, gynecomastia may indicate a more serious medical problem, so patients should also consult their general practitioner about possible causes. It is always best to check, even though this is a rare occurrence.

How to Understand Pseudogynecomastia

Patient with pseudogynecomastia but not gynecomastia

The condition of pseudogynecomastia is characterized by excess adipose (fat) tissue around, under, and behind the nips. In spite of the word “pseudo”, or something false or masked, “fake gynecomastia” is a very real disorder that can cause physical and psychological difficulties for some men. These physical and psychological issues are common to both pseudogynecomastia vs gynecomastia

Symptoms of Pseudogynecomastia

An appearance of bilateral enlarged breasts on the chest with excess fat.

The only thing that will feel firm is the excess fatty tissue below the chest.

The appearance of fat accumulation around the armpit region.

Pseudogynecomastia Causes

Obesity – Pseudogynecomastia is more straightforward, as it is a result of excess fat. Pseudogynecomastia occurs when a patient has excess chest fat deposition, and this shows up as enlarged breasts.

Treating Pseudogynecomastia

Weight loss is the first line of treatment for pseudogynecomastia. With the loss of body fat, your chest will also tend to become smaller. The majority of men lose weight and shape their chests through a combination of diet changes and increased exercise. Compression shirts are worn by some men to achieve the appearance of a leaner and flatter chest while they are losing weight. Even if a man reaches his goal weight, he may still experience pseudogynecomastia. Depending on the amount of residual fatty tissue and whether there is loose skin, the treatment may vary.

To treat pseudogynecomastia the fat deposits can be removed by liposuction alone or greatly improved by weight loss. In addition to liposuction of the residual fat, reducing (removing) a skin component may also be required to tighten the skin. Where the incision is placed will be determined by how much loose skin is present. Additionally, the areola is also reshaped to conform to the new chest contour. Many patients are concerned with the appearance and embarrassment of the areola (the darkly pigmented skin surrounding the nipple). The difference of treatment between pseudogynecomastia vs gynecomastia is liposuction.

How to Understand Gynecomastia

A man with gynecomastia and not pseudogynecomastia

Pseudogynecomastia and gynecomastia differ primarily in the kind of excess breast tissue seen that causes them to appear enlarged and feminine. A male chest area with male breast enlargement will have excess glandular breast tissue (and possibly fat tissue as well). In comparison to fat tissue, the glandular tissue of the breast is firmer and more fibrous, and it does not respond to changes in diet or exercise. A hormonal imbalance is usually responsible for symptoms; however, certain medications (e.g., steroids) and illegal substances, such as marijuana, may also be responsible. These are the primary differences between pseudogynecomastia vs gynecomastia.

Symptoms of Gynecomastia

Gynecomastia symptoms include the following:

  • Breast appearance with excess glandular tissue
  • Nipples that are swollen or puffy
  • Breast pain or tenderness in the areola
  • There is a lump or disc of glandular tissue in the chest that is firm and hard to the touch
  • A soft, fatty tissue may be present beneath the chest
  • Sensitivity to touch or breast tenderness

Causes of gynecomastia

Hormones – Changes in hormone levels are frequently responsible for the development of gynecomastia. It can occur in a variety of ways. In newborn children with this condition, gynecomastia is caused by estrogen being passed onto the baby via the placenta. In general, hormone-induced gynecomastia in infants resolves over time. Puberty causes teenagers to undergo hormonal changes, and sometimes their testosterone levels drop so low that existing estrogen causes breast tissue to grow. Finally, older adult males are more likely to develop gynecomastia due to a decreased production of testosterone as a result of aging.

Medications – In certain cases, specific medications can contribute to the development of gynecomastia. Gynecomastia is more likely to occur in patients taking antidepressants, steroids, or medications for heart conditions, ulcers, or prostate issues. Antibiotics can also cause problems. In the event that medication contains estrogen or impacts estrogen levels, gynecomastia may result.

Alcohol and Liver Disease – Individuals who struggle with excessive alcohol consumption and suffer from cirrhosis are at higher risk of developing gynecomastia than their peers.

Thyroid issues: The thyroid gland, which is located in the throat, is a hormone-producing gland. Patients suffering from thyroid-related issues are occasionally affected by gynecomastia.

Narcotic Use: Narcotics, such as cannabis and heroin, are believed to be responsible for the development of gynecomastia.

Kidney failure – Gynecomastia can result from kidney failure although this is extremely rare. A physician should be consulted immediately if gynecomastia symptoms are present.

Testicular disease – Gynecomastia can occasionally indicate a serious testicular problem, including infection or cancer. Gynecomastia patients should seek medical attention if they experience various symptoms of testicular dysfunction.

Klinefelter syndrome – An extra X-chromosome is a characteristic of the Klinefelter syndrome. Gynecomastia can occur in patients with Klinefelter Syndrome.

For patients who are seeking treatment for their condition, it can be helpful to determine the source of their disease. There is a difference between gynecomastia and pseudogynecomastia in terms of causes.

Gynecomastia may have a number of causes, while pseudogynecomastia has only one.

Gynecomastia Treatment

The best treatment option for true gynecomastia is male breasts reduction surgery or gynecomastia surgery to remove the glandular tissue. In the course of the operation, the gynecomastia surgeon performs surgical excision techniques in order to remove the glandular tissue; your plastic surgeon may also use liposuction to eliminate fat tissue. You can remove excess skin and tighten the remaining skin if necessary to attain the desired chest contour.

The approach to treatment is typically performed by creating a small incision around the areola. Due to the small incision size and location, noticeable postoperative scarring is rarely a problem. The operative goal is to treat gynecomastia so the chest is contoured to a natural flat shape.

 How to Know if You Have Gynecomastia or Pseudogynecomastia

 

Self exam of gynecomastia and pseudogynecomastia

Gynecomastia and pseudogynecomastia are both relatively easy to diagnose. Both of these conditions show up as excess tissue that appears breast-like on the chest. Gynecomastia and pseudogynecomastia are often recognized early on and cause men to harbor insecurity about their appearance.

Furthermore, these conditions are associated with other, less-recognized symptoms as well. In addition to the recognizable chest tissues, both gynecomastia and pseudogynecomastia have a number of symptoms that may confirm the diagnosis.

The pinch test is a common self-exam that you can perform to evaluate the tissue.

How Do I Treat Pseudogynecomastia?

How Do I Treat Pseudogynecomastia?

Pseudogynecomastia in Singapore

Men are creatures of vanity too. So when their chest looks flabby due to excess fat, more often than not, they resort to the Internet for answers. But beware for the search result could be misleading, albeit unintentionally. Gynecomastia could be a potential cause but bear in mind, it is not so for all cases. Sometimes it is more likely to be “pseudogynecomastia” – a condition brought on by excess fat.

What is Gynecomastia?

Gynecomastia is mainly caused by hormonal imbalance, which is the result of excess estrogen being produced. Changes surrounding sexual development in teenage boys and health issues such as thyroid problems common among men in their 50s and above are some of the causes of this hormonal imbalance. The side effects of some medications are also potential causes.

There are 4 grades when it comes to classifying gynecomastia. The mildest being a local swelling around the nipple area while the most severe is in the form of a rounded appearance akin to the features of a female breast.

What is Pseudogynecomastia?

In men, the fat tends to accumulate in the chest and abdomen areas. Fat amassed around the chest area usually results in a puffy or swollen appearance clinically known as lipomastia, adipomastia, or pseudogynecomastia.

When the body produces excess estrogen, the more the likelihood that excess fat will be stored. Fat also causes the body to produce the aromatase enzyme. This enzyme converts testosterone into estrogen and is responsible for slowing down metabolism, which slows down the body’s ability to burn fat – you will lose fat but in a lesser amount. If not addressed, this can lead to more fat being stored, causing an imbalance to the body’s hormone level.

What causes Pseudogynecomastia?

Although it may appear like gynecomastia – pseudogynecomastia is actually the accumulation of excess breast fat. Nonetheless, the term “pseudo” should not be waved off lightly as the condition is a real problem for men.

What is the difference between Gynecomastia and Pseudogynecomastia?

On the surface, both conditions seem alike in terms of appearance. Gynecomastia, however, is caused by the overdevelopment of glandular tissues. Pseudogynecomastia, on the other hand, is the result of only excess fat accumulated around the chest area.

There are simple self-check methods that one can carry out. For example, if you feel the presence of a firm mound of glandular tissue around the areola area, which is painful to the touch, then chances are you might have gynecomastia. In the case of pseudogynecomastia, the entire chest area is evenly enlarged. 

Commonly, An individual can have both gynecomastia and pseudogynecomastia.

It is important to note that only a doctor via a clinical assessment is able to confirm the condition. Not all doctors can diagnose if a patient may or may not have gynecomastia. It is important to look for a doctor with experience in handling gynecomastia cases to identify. 

Can I just wear a compression garment to manage my condition?

A compression garment does work – in terms of appearance. The underlying issue has to be addressed appropriately, and the first step is to schedule an appointment with a qualified doctor who is in the best position to advise on the necessary measures.

Treatment for Pseudogynecomastia: VASER® Lipo

A fat and weight loss program involving specific exercises and a change in dietary habits may help reduce or relieve pseudogynecomastia to a certain extent but to completely eradicate this issue is via clinically proven fat reduction procedure such as Vaser Liposuction, which effectively addresses the issue and remove excess fat in the problematic area.

What is VASER Lipo?

VASER (Vibration Amplification of Sound Energy at Resonance) Lipo is a less invasive form of liposuction. Like liposuction, it eliminates unwanted fat, but it does so in a gentler manner by using sound energy to liquefy unwanted fat cells in targeted areas. VASER Lipo targets areas with unwanted fat, leaving surrounding tissues undisturbed. The result is a more contoured and defined appearance.

How does VASER Lipo treat pseudogynecomastia?

As pseudogynecomastia is the result of an accumulation of excess fat, VASER® Lipo due to its prescribed function and precised capability, is ideal in treating the condition. Additionally, it leaves a more defined and natural-looking appearance.

How Do I Know If I Have Pseudogynecomastia?

How Do I Know If I Have Pseudogynecomastia?

Do I have Pseudogynecomastia?

Gynecomastia is common among adolescent boys and middle-aged, including older men. Hormonal imbalance, medication side effects and declining testosterone levels are the usual suspects.

Pseudogynecomastia, on the other hand, can happen to men regardless of age group. This condition is usually brought on by the presence of excess fat primarily in the chest area. However, due to their similarity in appearance – the best method of confirmation is via a doctor’s assessment.

Low Metabolism & Body Fat

Poor dietary habits and lifestyle choices easily contribute to a host of issues, including weight gain and the accumulation of excess fat. Excess fat often results in slower metabolism and testosterone levels and the production of aromatase. The aromatase enzyme converts testosterone to estrogen.

Men produce estrogen, albeit at a lower level compared to women. When a man’s body produces excess estrogen, the more the likelihood that excess fat will be stored. An area where this excess is usually more prevalent would be that of the chest or breast. This is what commonly causes pseudogynecomastia.

When the body produces excess estrogen, the more the likelihood that excess fat will be stored. Fat also causes the body to produce the aromatase enzyme. This enzyme converts testosterone into estrogen and is responsible for slowing down metabolism, which slows down the body’s ability to burn fat – you will lose fat but in lesser amounts. If not addressed, this can lead to more fat being stored causing an imbalance to the body’s hormone level.

An increased estrogen level in men also results in loss of muscle mass, fatigue and mood swings.

Low Testosterone

Low testosterone levels cause an increase in fat storage as the body’s fat-burning capability is reduced. This results in weight gain and the production of excess estrogen. One common sign of low testosterone sign is a decrease in libido. Frequent fatigue is also a sign in men.

Do I have Pseudogynecomastia?

There are simple self-check methods that one can carry out. For example:

• Appearance: Does your chest area look evenly enlarged?
• Excess fat: Is your exercise or workout routine not addressing the excess fat around the chest?
• Pain: Is it painful or does the area around the areolas when touched? (this could be a sign of gynecomastia)

The above list is not confirmation indicators. A trip to the doctor’s for a qualified assessment is highly recommended. Do take note that it is possible for an individual to suffer from both gynecomastia and pseudogynecomastia.

How do I know if I have Gynecomastia or Pseudogynecomastia?

How do I know if I have Gynecomastia or Pseudogynecomastia?

How do I know if I have Gynecomastia or Pseudogynecomastia?

Gynecomastia affects 40-60% of adolescent males, making it a relatively common condition. Despite being so, it is not an openly discussed issue for the most part due to its “embarrassing nature” – a stigma that often overshadows its true and at times urgent medical condition. An individual should not feel discouraged from seeking help, as it can be a much-needed relief.

Gynecomastia is brought on by hormonal imbalance. The causes vary, which includes genetics and from the side effects of taking steroids for bodybuilding and medications for medical conditions. The latter includes medications for heart, stomach and even mental issues. One interesting fact to note and remember – it is not a condition that is associated only with an obese person. Any male with predispositions as mentioned – such as genetics and medicine consumption habit/need is susceptible to the condition.

How do you know if you have gynecomastia?

Pain or tenderness, which may increase over time and swelling are just two possible telltale signs of gynecomastia. To the touch, it feels like a rubbery lump under the nipple affecting one or both. Indicative appearance includes a resemblance to that of a woman’s breasts. 

Often, gynecomastia is confused with the expected presence of fat tissue, particularly among young men who are overweight. Hence, an accurate diagnosis and conclusion are best left in the hands of a qualified doctor.

How do you know if it’s Pseudogynecomastia?

An individual may conclude that given the possible telltale signs, they are suffering from gynecomastia. It could be a wrong assumption. They could, in reality, be experiencing what is known as pseudogynecomastia. Men, in general, tend to accumulate fat in the chest and abdomen regions. When this fat accumulates in excess around the chest area, it renders a puffy and swollen appearance which is called pseudogynecomastia. 

Does Pseudogynecomastia go away?

Pseudogynecomastia is breasts enlargement caused by fat accumulation.  In theory, the male breasts fat tissues can be improved with exercise and weight loss.  However, in many patients, male breasts fat can be rather resistant to weight fluctuation, so losing weight may not lead to significant improvement.   

Can VASER Lipo get rid of pseudogynecomastia successfully?

VASER Lipo, a tissue selective fat reduction procedure, is the treatment choice for those suffering from pseudogynecomastia.  During the process, small incisions are made on the area to be treated and infiltrated with anaesthetic fluid. Subsequently,  I utilise the Vaser probe that transmits ultrasonic sound wave energy to the targeted fat tissues to emulsify the stubborn fat.  Once the fat cells are liquefied, they are removed via suction cannulas that are specially made for this procedure.   

As VASER Lipo is tissue selective, it only targets fat tissues, preserving the health of nerves, blood vessels and other important connective tissues.  Therefore, post-treatment recovery is easy with minimal downtime because only the fat tissues are targeted and removed.  Bruising and swelling are minimised with this procedure. 

As a proven clinical treatment for pseudogynecomastia, many men have benefited from its results. While this is certainly good news for those afflicted with the condition, bear in mind to practise due diligence in one’s research when seeking help.

Paradoxical Adipose Hyperplasia: Side Effect of Pseudogynecomastia Treatment from Fat Freezing

Paradoxical Adipose Hyperplasia: Side Effect of Pseudogynecomastia Treatment from Fat Freezing

Paradoxical Adipose Hyperplasia

For those who are considering fat freezing to treat pseudogynecomastia, please consider the side effect of the treatment such as Paradoxical Adipose Hyperplasia, hardening of fat areas.

If you have gynecomastia, you’ll feel a firm concentration of tissue around the nipple area in the form of a disk, with or without pain when it’s touch or squeezed. The effective treatment to deal with gynecomastia is surgical removal of the overly developed glandular and fat tissue. Gynecomastia surgery is the only answer to rectify this medical condition.

With pseudogynecomastia, no such ring is formed as fat tissue on palpation is somewhat loose and not firm. Pseudogynecomastia, to a certain extent, can be rectified with regular exercise and a healthier diet. However, there are also treatment options available and one of the options seek is cryolipolysis.

Cryolipolysis, also known as Fat Freezing, is thriving as a non-invasive fat reduction treatment option. It works by gently and efficiently targeting fat cells underneath the skin via targeted and controlled cooling technology. The fat cells are frozen and naturally metabolised by the body. It does this without affecting the skin itself.

Its non-invasive nature is amongst its many benefits and the primary reason for its preference among those seeking to reduce body fat. Additionally, the treatment can be performed on multiple parts of the body which increases its capacity.

Paradoxical Adipose Hyperplasia: Permanent Side Effects Of Fat Freezing Treatments

Cryolipolysis’ success is well-realised by many, but there are those who have encountered its side effect known as “Paradoxical Adipose Hyperplasia.” Paradoxical Adipose Hyperplasia is a side effect where hardened area of fat develops after cryolipolysis. Those affected will notice their treated areas getting larger and tender. Paradoxical Adipose Hyperplasia has also been observed to develop more commonly among male patients.

While the occurrence is rare, it is not uncommon. Unfortunately, Paradoxical Adipose Hyperplasia, once developed, is permanent and can only be treated with liposuction.

I still remember another patient who suffered from Paradoxical Adipose Hyperplasia who came with his father for consultation not too long ago. During the consultation, his father mentioned that he was distraught with guilt since his son developed this condition a few years ago, as he was the one that brought him for the fat freezing treatment. His son suffered from depression after that. He blamed himself ever since.

VASER Lipo: Effective Treatment for Pseudogynecomastia

As pseudogynecomastia is the result of an accumulation of excess fat, VASER Lipo due to its prescribed function and capability, is effective in treating the condition. Additionally, it leaves a more defined and natural-looking appearance.